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Area Roughness Parameters


Sk (Core roughness depth)

This parameter is calculated as the difference of heights at areal material ratio values 0% and 100% on the equivalent line; specifically, it is a value obtained by subtracting the minimum height from the maximum height of the core surface.

Sk represents the height of the core surface, Smr1 represents the areal material ratio that divides the reduced peaks from the core surface, and Smr2 represents the areal material ratio that divides the reduced valleys from the core surface.

Sk (Core roughness depth)

The reduced peaks are the areas that are removed by initial abrasion. Spk represents the average height of the reduced peaks.

The reduced valleys are the areas that hold liquid applied on the surface in order to improve lubricity. Svk represents the average depth of the reduced valleys.


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Height Sa (arithmetical mean height)
Sz (Maximum height)
Sq (Root mean square height)
Ssk (Skewness)
Sku (Kurtosis)
Sp (Maximum peak height)
Sv (Maximum pit height)
Spatial Sal (Auto-correlation length) / Str (Texture aspect ratio)
Std* (Texture direction)
Hybrid Sdq (Root mean square gradient)
Sdr (Developed interfacial area ratio)
Functional Smr(c) (Areal material ratio)
Smc(mr) (Inverse areal material ratio)
Sk (Core roughness depth)
Spk (Reduced peak height)
Svk (reduced dale height)
Smr (Peak material portion)
Smr2 (Valley material portion (percentage of the measurement area that comprises the deeper valley structures associated with Svk))
Sxp (Peak extreme height)
Functional volume Vvv (Dale void volume)
Vvc (Core void volume)
Vmp (Peak material volume)
Vmc (Core material volume)
Feature Spd (Density of peaks)
Spc (Arithmetic mean peak curvature)
S10z / S5p / S5v / Sda(c) / Sha(c) / Sdv(c) / Shv(c)



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